Deciphering modes of inhibition of OROV entry

Dominic Wooding (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK)

17:09 - 17:21 Tuesday 14 April Afternoon

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Abstract

Oropouche virus (OROV), an arthropod-borne orthobunyavirus endemic to South and Central America, is the causative agent of Oropouche fever. An outbreak of Oropouche fever in 2024 was linked to a newly identified strain of the virus, AM0088. The entry mechanism of OROV into susceptible host cells has not yet been fully characterised, nor have different modes of inhibition of the outbreak strain been compared to other strains. Here we developed a lentiviral pseudotype-based system for testing the capability of neutralising and blocking agents to inhibit OROV glycoprotein-mediated entry. Lentiviral particles decorated with OROV Gn and Gc proteins using plasmids encoding the M segment of the outbreak strain (AM0088) or ancestral strain (BeAn19991) and encoding either GFP or Luciferase as a reporter were infectious in HEK293T and HeLa cells as demonstrated by flow cytometry and luminometrically. OROV glycoprotein expression was confirmed by immunostaining. As expected, AM0088 OROV gp pseudotypes were neutralised by pretreatment with  ascitic fluid from OROV-inoculated mice but surprisingly not with recombinant Human LRP-1 Cluster II or IV Fc proteins, which have been reported previously to block OROV entry, indicating a potential lack of requirement for LRP1 as a receptor for the outbreak strain.  We are currently evaluating the ability of these same agents against BeAn1991 OROV gp pseudotypes and full-length OROV of both outbreak and ancestral strains to decipher potential strain-specific (AM0088 versus BeAn19991) and context-specific (pseudotypes versus authentic viruses) differences. We will also establish potential cross-neutralisation of both strains using serum from mice immunised with either strain.

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