Ambient temperature meta-omics of remote extremophile communities on snow and ice

Luke Richardson (University of Sheffield, UK)

13:00 - 13:15 Tuesday 14 April Morning

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Abstract

Background and aims Highly pigmented extremophilic algae communities, “Blood Snow”,  accelerate the retreat of glaciers and snowcaps by depressing the reflectivity of surfaces. Unculturable key strains, remote field-sites and low biomass per unit volume has kept meta-omic analysis of functional microbial ecology impractical. Standard sampling techniques require cryogens to preserve protein for multi-omics: These are, at minimum, logistically challenging if not unobtainable in remote locations. We aimed to develop ambient temperature concentration, fixation and transportation of field samples for meta-omics, expanding the ability of researchers to probe the ecology of remote extremophile communities in-situ. Methods   Traditional flash-freezing requires the sourcing and transportation of cryogens to preserve samples as-is. Using cryogens in remote locations is hazardous, and results in bulky samples that must reach a freezer within hours. Another approach is to use in-situ concentration followed by macromolecule fixation with broad-spectrum enzyme inhibitors. This allows preservation of approximately equal quality to LN2, concentrated samples, safer fieldwork and a generous timescale for samples to reach long-term storage. Results We show that quality DNA and Protein can be extracted from samples gathered in this manner and present preliminary meta-omic analysis of the same. This method also solves an adjacent problem: the low biomass per volume of remote extremophiles via in-situ concentration.  Conclusion A novel sampling technique allows meta-omic exploration of microbial ecological dynamics in remote locations without cryogens. This lower barrier to entry enables affordable, compact, time-insensitive, meta-omics in remote microbial ecosystems.

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