Comparative transcriptomics of Trichomonas tenax from distinct hosts reveal bacterial interaction signatures in xenic versus axenic culture conditions

Israa Asker (Biosciences Institute- Newcastle University, UK & National Liver Institute- Menoufia University, Egypt)

15:45 - 16:00 Monday 13 April Afternoon

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Abstract

Introduction: Trichomonas tenax shows increased prevalence in periodontal disease, yet its ecological interactions with oral bacteria remain poorly characterized. Understanding T. tenax metabolic integration into bacterial communities may reveal mechanisms underlying its association with periodontal pathology. Objective: To characterize transcriptional differences between newly isolated feline T. tenax strain OFe8 (xenic culture) and human-derived ATCC strain (axenic), identifying genes for bacterial interactions. Methods: Meta-transcriptomic sequencing (600M reads) was performed on OFe8 xenic culture. Following taxonomic classification (Kraken2) and mapping to ATCC reference (STAR), differential expression (edgeR) compared OFe8 against data of ATCC (Mpeyako, 2023). Results: OFe8-associated bacteria resembled human oral microbiomes, supporting ecological relevance. OFe8 significantly upregulated 2781 genes (log2FC > 1.5, FDR <0.05). These upregulated genes include: (1) anaerobic metabolism enzymes (pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductases, pyruvate phosphate dikinase), indicating potential adaptation to oxygen-depleted environments; (2) D-lactate dehydrogenase, providing potential evidence of cross-feeding with lactate-producing bacteria; (3) nutrient scavenging enzymes (glycosyl hydrolase 14 “beta-amylase”, metallopeptidase); and (4) secretory components (Sec23/24). This coordinated pattern suggests potential molecular mechanisms of T. tenax integration into polymicrobial communities. Conclusions: This study identifies a bacterial interaction signature characterized by anaerobic metabolism, metabolic cross-feeding with bacterial fermentation products, and nutrient scavenging. While confounded by strain genetics and culture conditions, these findings reveal potential ecologically relevant adaptations likely important in periodontal pockets where T. tenax co-exists with anaerobic bacteria

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