The Electrostatic Precipitation (ESP) collection and Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) elution system was designed as a bioaerosol sampling system for rapid field deployment. This work establishes its performance with bacterial and viral simulants relative to two commercial sampling systems. Three bacterial simulants (Bacillus atrophaeus spores, Pantoea agglomerans, and Escherichia coli) and two viral simulants (bacteriophages MS2 and Phi6) were aerosolised in an aerosol chamber. The simulants were sampled by an ESP, SKC BioSampler®, and a 37 mm filter cassette with 0.8 µm polycarbonate filters for 20 minutes. The ESP-EWOD system produced average sample concentration higher than the BioSampler® by factor of 21, 580 and 667 and the filter cassette by factor of 57, 1308 and 7619, for Bacillus atrophaeus spores, MS2 and Phi6, respectively, when measured by culture-based methods (CFU or PFU/mL). The ESP-EWOD unit performed poorly with Gram-negative bacteria, yielding no culturable bacteria. The viability loss may be due to the adverse effects of corona discharge generated by the ESP collector. Despite this, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed improved sample concentration (genome copies/mL) across all the microorganisms investigated. In particular, the average sample concentrations of Pantoea agglomerans, Escherichia coli, and MS2 were 775 and 2234 times higher than those with BioSampler® and filter cassette, respectively. The ESP-EWOD unit's ability to concentrate samples stems from its use of a low elution volume of 3 μL. The low-burden ESP-EWOD system demonstrated the ability to generate highly concentrated samples of bacterial and viral simulants compared to the BioSampler® and filter cassette.