New Microbiology Society policy briefing: Where are microbiomes, and why are they important?

26 September 2025

Microbes do not exist in isolation. Instead, they live in complex and dynamic communities in which different microbial species are constantly interacting. When these communities are combined with a specific host (for example, humans, animals and plants) or environment (for example, soil and oceans), we refer to the ecosystem as a microbiome.

Microbiomes contribute to fundamental life processes, from influencing nutrient absorption and immune system development in the human gut to supporting plant growth and nutrient cycling in soil. 

Microbiome research has far-reaching applications, from strengthening global food security to combatting disease and improving animal welfare.

Our new briefing explores microbiomes, including where they exist, how they are linked, why they matter and their applications and challenges.

Read the new briefing.